The phenomenon of online gambling has become a serious problem in various regions, including West Aceh Regency. data on cases handled by the West Aceh District Syar'iyah Court in the period 2021 to 2024 shows a significant increase in cases. Online gambling as part of jarimah maisir has different characteristics from conventional forms of gambling, namely digital, hidden, cross-regional, and difficult to detect by the naked eye by law enforcement officials and the general public. The problems in this study are How is the application of qanun jinayat law against online gambling offenders in the jurisdiction of the West Aceh District Syar'iyah Court, What are the obstacles faced in applying the law to online gambling offenders based on qanun jinayat law, and What are the efforts to prevent online gambling violations in the West Aceh area. This research uses empirical legal methods with a field research approach and case studies. The results showed that the application of Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law against online gambling offenders was in accordance with the procedures of jinayat law, but its implementation was still not optimal. The Syar'iyah Court has handled a number of cases, but the number is not proportional to the potential violations. The main obstacles include limited regional authority in blocking sites, lack of digital forensic experts, absence of district-level cyber units, and weak coordination between agencies. Prevention is carried out through digital education by DISKOMINSA, thematic dakwah by the Islamic Sharia Office, as well as the Gampong Tolak Judi Online programme involving the community and the formation of the Gampong Pageu Task Force.

Abstract. Brake pads are a crucial component of brake parts, especially for motor vehicles. Regulations restricting the use of asbestos have prompted researchers to seek alternatives. In this study, brake pads will be made using biomass waste from sawdust obtained from the activities of furniture MSMEs in the Bangkinang area, Kampar, Riau. The utilization of this biomass waste is intended to minimize waste volume and provide an alternative raw material and production process for brake pads that are low-cost and abundantly available. In this study, brake pads are made with a mixture of sawdust filler matrix and epoxy resin reinforcement matrix. Next, the brake pad samples will be tested for physical characteristics in the form of density and water absorption. Mechanical strength is tested through a bending test using the Universal testing test. Brake pad performance will be tested through wear test values. The results of the test on physical and mechanical properties obtained a density of 0.73 g/cm3, a maximum bending load of 452.67 N, a flexural strength of 187.97 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 184.69 MPa. The physical characteristics of this composite show that sawdust can be an alternative raw material for brake pads that is cheap and abundantly available, thus supporting environmental sustainability.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding different levels of urea fertilizer (ppmUrea-N0,75,150,225,300) on the effectiveness of bio-nitrification in the studied soil. The study treatments forthis experiment were (4 soils of different textures and locations × 5 urea levels × 3 replicates) in an experimentin which a completely randomized design (CRD) was used. It was incubated at laboratory temperature (25°C)for 40 days, during which the amount of formed nitrates and remaining ammonium was measured every tendays, noting the replacement of lost water every two days.The highest percentage of formed nitrates (39.8%) was recorded from the ammonium added to Basrah soilafter ten days of incubation, followed by Kut soil, which recorded 29.8%, and less than that in Shatra soils(24.2%) and Fajr soils (23.7%). After that, the efficiency of nitrification decreased in the subsequent incubationperiods up to 40 days of incubation.The percentage of ammonium remaining from urea added to the soil was recorded after the four incubationperiods at 20.0 ppm (when adding 225 ppm urea to the Qurna soil), which differed significantly from the rest ofthe studied soils.

Several of the best-selling small-molecule medications and natural alkaloids contain piperidine, a crucial saturated heterocyclic scaffold with a wide variety of biological functions. The hydrazide-hydrazone moiety's exceptional use in the pharmacological and biological domains made it particularly appealing. Objective: Designing and synthesizing a novel set of 4-Piperidin-1-yl-benzoic acid substituted hydrazides, Ac1-c3 and Bc1-c5, as potentially antimicrobial agents and characterizing them using IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Methods: By esterifying 4- Piperidin-1-yl-benzoic acid Ac1 and then treating with hydrazine hydrate it to produce Ac3 in a good yield. The hydrazide Ac3 was condensed with the proper aldehydes or ketone to synthesis the hydrazones Bc1–c5. The in vitro bacterial activity was evaluated anti two Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, as well as two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Results: The majority of tested compounds demonstrated significant efficacy anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans. Notably, compound Bc3 emerged as the most effective derivative within the series. Conclusions: The Compounds (Bc1–c4) that were synthesized demonstrated moderate to good antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterias species and Candida albicans.

Kondisi degradasi lingkungan dan ketimpangan pembangunan pada akhirnya melahirkan konsep Blue Economy yang mana salah satu sektornya adalah wisata bahari yang berkontribusi besar dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan negara. Akan tetapi, pembangunan pariwisata yang ada di berbagai daerah belum tentu menjamin kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal destinasi wisata, termasuk di Karimunjawa. Maka dari itu, upaya pembangunan pariwisata di Karimunjawa perlu direformulasi sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip dan konsep Blue Economy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Karimunjawa dengan pendekatan Blue Economy. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-kuantitatif (mix method). Sumber data penelitian terdiri atas sumber data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dengan metode observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis SWOT dan teknik analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan pariwisata di Karimunjawa harus diarahkan pada strategi Grow and Build dan atau stretegi Expansion. Pembangunan ini dapat mengkolaborasikan lima actor utama yaitu pemerintah, bisnis, masyarakat, akademisi, dan Lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM) dalam konsep pentahelix.

This study aims to analyze the role of daily journal writing habits in improving the self-confidence of fifth-grade elementary school students in expressing their opinions through a philosophical education approach that includes ontological, epistemological, and axiological perspectives, as well as physiological, sociological, and anthropological principles. The research method used is qualitative descriptive based on literature review. The object of research is the concept of daily journal writing in the context of elementary education, while the subjects are fifth-grade elementary students in general. Data were collected through document studies of articles and books, and analyzed using content analysis with source triangulation for data validity. The results show that daily journals help increase students’ self-confidence by facilitating self-reflection, supporting knowledge construction, and instilling values of honesty and courage. These findings support the implementation of daily journals as a reflective learning strategy grounded in the philosophy of basic education.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kebiasaan jurnal harian dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa kelas V sekolah dasar untuk mengemukakan pendapat dengan pendekatan filsafat pendidikan yang meliputi tinjauan ontologis, epistemologis, aksiologis, serta prinsip fisiologis, sosiologis, dan antropologis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka. Obyek penelitian adalah konsep kebiasaan jurnal harian dalam konteks pendidikan dasar, sedangkan subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V sekolah dasar secara umum. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi artikel dan observasi literatur ilmiah terkait. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis konten dengan triangulasi sumber untuk validitas data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jurnal harian mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa dengan memfasilitasi refleksi diri, membangun konstruksi pengetahuan, serta menanamkan nilai kejujuran dan keberanian. Temuan ini mendukung penerapan jurnal harian sebagai strategi pembelajaran reflektif yang berlandaskan filsafat pendidikan dasar.

Student motivation is an important factor that influences student engagement and academic achievement. Although many studies have examined learning motivation in classroom settings with non-interactive presentation media, limited research has explored how gamification affects motivation and learning outcomes in economics education. This study investigates the impact of using Blooket—a game-based learning platform—on students’ motivation and academic performance in economics classes during the 2024/2025 academic year. The study aims to: (i) evaluate the impact of Blooket on students’ learning motivation, (ii) assess the impact of Blooket on students’ learning outcomes. Data were collected through questionnaires and tests involving 40 high school students divided into experimental and control groups. The findings revealed that students taught using Blooket demonstrated significantly higher motivation and better learning outcomes compared to those taught using traditional methods. This study highlights the impact of the gamification medium 'Blooket' in fostering a more engaging and motivating learning environment, offering practical insights for educators seeking to enhance student participation and performance through digital tools.

Biochemical pathways are the complex pathways of chemical reactions vital to maintain cellular homeostasis, control metabolism and modulate responses to physiological stimuli. Recent developments in the omics technologies, gene editing tools, and systems biology have significantly deepened our understanding of these pathways, changing the scientific paradigm from linear reactions to complex and interrelated regulatory networks. This review examines the changing face of metabolic and signaling pathways including but not limited to glycolysis, TCA cycle, MAPK, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT and their role in health and disease. Particular attention is paid to pathway analysis innovations, including CRISPR/Cas9, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and computational modelling and their revolutionary effect on discovery of new drug targets and pathway specific therapeutics. In reviewing the most recent advances in cancer metabolism, immune signaling, and cross-pathway interactions, this paper emphasizes the translational promise of pathway-centric research for personalized medicine, especially in oncology, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. The review attempts to bridge basic biochemical research with clinical applications, and provides a window into the manner in which pathway-based interventions are influencing the future of precision therapeutics.

Transformational leadership has become a leadership style that emphasizes change, inspiration, and empowerment. The transformational leadership style carried out by the principal has not yet gone hand in hand with the underlying values. This study aims to analyze the transformational leadership of the principal in the perspective of axiological philosophy. Especially related to ethical and aesthetic values ​​in decision making and teacher coaching. This study uses a qualitative approach method with the principal as the subject of research. And using literature study techniques from various references on educational philosophy and leadership management. Data were collected through participatory observation and school administrative documentation. The results of the analysis show that the axiology of transformational leadership emphasizes the importance of human values, justice, empathy, and beauty in forming a transformative and humanistic school climate. By integrating the philosophy of axiology, the principal's leadership is not only oriented towards achieving targets, but also forming the character and culture of the school that is meaningful morally and aesthetically. This finding confirms that the integration between the philosophy of values ​​and transformative leadership is not only theoretically ideal, but also real in practice in the field of education.

The application of machine learning, particularly the *Convolutional Neural Network* (CNN) method, has experienced rapid development in the medical field. Through the process of image data grouping, CNN is capable of classifying based on the similarity of characteristics and attributes of the images. This capability is highly beneficial in the healthcare sector, especially in differentiating chest X-ray images. This study aims to evaluate the DenseNet architecture while applying it to classify Covid-19 disease by utilizing 98 chest X-ray images as training data. The test results showed that the average *loss* value on the training data was 0.8621, with an average accuracy of 0.6950. Meanwhile, the average *loss* value on the validation data was recorded at 1.0682, with an average accuracy of 0.6399. From these results, it can be concluded that the model performed better on the training data than on the validation data, indicating the occurrence of *overfitting*. Therefore, further adjustments to the model are necessary to improve its performance on the validation data