This study aims to determine the effect of jumping and throwing park games on improving basic motor skills of junior high school students. The research method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes, each consisting of 30 students, divided into experimental and control groups. The instrument used refers to the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) to measure jumping, throwing, and balance abilities. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the post-test results of the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Jumping and throwing park games have proven effective in integrating locomotor and manipulative movements through a fun play approach, thereby increasing students’ motivation and active participation in physical education learning. These findings indicate that learning media designed according to the characteristics of student development can make a real contribution to improving motor skills. Therefore, the use of this media is recommended as an alternative learning strategy that is educational and fun in the school environment. 

Lombok Island is one of the earthquake-prone areas, located between two earthquake generators. Based on these conditions, it is expected that construction in earthquake-prone areas can meet the standards. Shear walls are one of the earthquake-resistant structural systems used to resist lateral forces. Three alternative shear wall shapes will be analyzed using the numerical method: the L, I, and T shapes. The types of loads to be analyzed are dead loads, live loads, and earthquakes. Drawing from the findings of the conducted analysis, it is discovered that the most effective shear wall position in resisting lateral forces is the shear wall located at the corner of the building, based on the values of the drift that occur in the x and y directions. In addition, increasing the number of shear walls can reduce the internal forces that structural components experience. The optimum drift value is obtained from alternative 1, the L-shaped shear wall (elbow), with a drift value of 0.000495 mm in the x direction and 0.000883 in the y direction.

The uniqueness of primogeniture in traditional inheritance systems is urgent to examine, as it reflects enduring gendered power structures that persist amid legal modernization and evolving social norms. This research analyzes the uniqueness and resilience of the primogeniture inheritance system in traditional communities, particularly in Ratenggaro Traditional Village, Indonesia. It is situated within the legal pluralism context of Indonesia and the human rights-based critique of customary laws that prioritize male heirs. The study is urgent because modernization challenges traditional norms, demanding a reevaluation of gender equity in inheritance. Using a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interviews and participant observation, this study finds that primogeniture governs not only material assets but also spiritual roles and kinship status. Despite modern pressure, elders uphold it as a symbol of identity and harmony. A unique finding is that although women do not inherit property, they are symbolically acknowledged through ritual practices involving gifts such as woven cloth and livestock. This study offers novelty by providing a legal-anthropological analysis of primogeniture in a remote indigenous context, contributing to discussions on legal pluralism, gender justice, and cultural sustainability. It suggests the need for dialogical reform that harmonizes adat law with constitutional equality.

This study aims to determine the level of futsal shooting skills and dominant physical conditions of extracurricular participants at State Middle School 1 Batu Sopang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a futsal shooting skills measurement test and a dominant physical condition test of futsal extracurricular participants at State Middle School 1 Batu Sopang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. The results of the study showed that most participants had a shooting skill level in the enough category, which was 10 people (80%), and a good category of 2 people (20%). The results of the overall physical condition test were in the enough category (with a conversion value of 6). The conclusion of the results of the study of the level of futsal shooting skills and dominant physical conditions of extracurricular participants at Middle School Negeri 1 Batu Sopang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, the average shooting skill level was enough and the results of the physical condition test were in the enough category.

Generally, students stated that the concepts in physics, especially on the material of distance, speed, and acceleration, are difficult to understand. This causes low student motivation and learning outcomes. In order to increase student motivation, understanding of concepts, and learning outcomes, it is necessary to use visual media so that learning is active and enjoyable. The use of visual media, one of which is education game-based learning media, is very helpful for students in understanding physics concepts, especially on the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. The purpose of this study was to determine the study of the use of visual media based on education games that can improve students' understanding of the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. This research method uses the library research method. The form of research uses literature studies with qualitative data acquisition. To obtain data using two databases, namely Google Scholar and Sinta, with document analysis first carried out to identify relevant literature studies. Based on the results of the preliminary study conducted, it was obtained that the use of visual media based on education games is good and flexible. With the use of visual media based on education games, students find it easier to understand the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. In addition, it makes it easier for teachers to carry out learning activities. Learning is more interesting, students are more motivated so that students' understanding, abilities, and learning outcomes increase.

Employee work behavior is an important component to achieve organizational goals and performance. Transformational leadership style and organizational culture affect work behavior, but previous research results show different opinions. Therefore, this study aims to review and analyze the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational culture on employee work behavior by examining previous research findings with relevant theories. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method that focuses on literature studies. This study uses articles by Zaenal Arifin, Wawan Prahiawan, and Ranthy Pancasasti to be analyzed as well as the basis for the research conducted. The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand how transformational leadership style and organizational culture have an influence on the formation of work behavior of PT. Cemindo Gemilang employees. The findings of this study indicate that the combination of leaders who have an effective leadership style and a strong organizational culture encourages employees to have productive work behavior. From this study, it is hoped that the company can foster leaders to be inspiring and have a healthy organizational culture.

This study aims to explore the influence of digital media on language variation among college students. Using qualitative methods and a literature review design, this study analyzes how digital media, such as social media, online communication platforms, and instant messaging applications, influence language use among college students. The results show that digital media triggers the emergence of language variation that includes digital slang, changes in grammar and spelling, and the transfer of foreign culture and vocabulary. Although digital media provides a space for students to express themselves creatively, there are concerns about the negative impact on formal language proficiency. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts from educational institutions and students to maintain a balance between linguistic creativity and the preservation of formal language.

Unbalanced transportation is one of the main challenges in logistics that can affect efficiency and operational costs. The imbalance between supply and demand can cause high transportation costs, delays in delivery, and decreased product quality. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and develop solutions to overcome the challenges of unbalanced transportation and improve logistics efficiency. This study aims to identify the challenges and solutions of unbalanced transportation towards logistics efficiency. This study is expected to contribute to the development of unbalanced transportation solutions and improve logistics efficiency.
 

This study aims to determine the implementation of collaborative innovation in improving the quality of education in schools. This study is a qualitative study using the Focus Group Discussion method. FGD was conducted on several teachers at one of South Jakarta's junior high schools with different educational backgrounds. Based on the results of the interview, it was found that innovation in education is very much needed. With innovation, teachers can be more creative in creating interesting learning and motivating students to learn. One form of innovation needed by teachers is collaborative innovation. With collaborative innovation, teachers' insights will increase and teachers will be able to create innovations in learning that can increase students' interest and motivation to learn. In addition, with collaborative innovation, teachers can learn new things outside their fields that can increase knowledge and improve the quality of education. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that collaborative innovation can improve the quality of education in schools, although the results of the increase are not significant, this is due to the background of students who are mostly not from academic achievement. However, with collaborative innovation, teachers maximize the learning process and there is an increase in students' willingness to learn.

Internal combustion engines generate thermal energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. The incoming air must be filtered, as it contains impurities and particles. While air filters are commonly made from paper, they can also be developed using organic waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. This study aims to analyze the effect of biocomposite air filters on engine power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC), by varying the material composition and the number of pleats, and comparing the results with those of a standard air filter. The method used is a quantitative experimental approach involving dyno testing on a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The tested material compositions include 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 60:40, and 70:30 (sugarcane bagasse\:rice husk), with pleat counts of 28, 26, and 24. Results showed that the biocomposite filter with 28 pleats and a 30:70 composition delivered the best performance, producing 18.47 Hp and 16.66 Nm of torque—higher than the standard filter’s 17.98 Hp and 15.52 Nm. In terms of fuel efficiency, the 26-pleat filter with a 50:50 composition recorded the lowest SFC at 41.90 g/kWh, significantly better than the standard filter’s 53.03 g/kWh. Conversely, the 60:40 composition resulted in the highest SFC due to increased airflow resistance.