In the digital era, Christians face significant challenges in maintaining an authentic spirituality amidst a continuous stream of information and the influence of popular culture that often contradicts biblical values. The command in Romans 12:2 to "not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind" remains highly relevant, yet its practical application in contemporary Christian life is frequently overlooked. This study aims to explore the theological depth of Romans 12:2, identify the dominant patterns of worldly thought in the digital age, and develop a contextual and applicable framework for transformative Christian spirituality. Utilizing a qualitative method with a library research approach, data were gathered from theological works, biblical commentaries, and scholarly literature on spirituality, culture, and digital engagement. The study reveals that the renewal of the mind refers not only to a personal inner change but to a reorientation of worldview through the power of the Holy Spirit. This transformation involves resisting cultural tendencies such as self-image obsession on social media, intellectual complacency caused by technological convenience, and the rise of individualistic spirituality detached from community life. To address these challenges, the study proposes several implementation strategies: fostering deeper biblical literacy contextualized to current issues, cultivating critical thinking as a form of spiritual discipline, and nurturing accountability within faith communities. These elements form a holistic framework of contemporary Christian spirituality that is Christ-centered, critically aware, and outward-focused in mission. The implications of this framework suggest that Christian spirituality in the digital era must engage both heart and mind, remain rooted in Scripture, and be lived out in communal and missional contexts.

This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.
 

This study aims to examine the influence of academic stress and self-regulation on academic procrastination among students at SMK Negeri 48 Jakarta. Academic procrastination is a behavior commonly observed among vocational students who are required to balance both theoretical learning and practical skills development. The research employed a quantitative approach using a correlational survey method. A total of 289 students from tenth and eleventh grades, representing six vocational programs, were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires utilizing a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22. The findings of this study revealed that academic stress has a positive and significant effect on academic procrastination, with a regression coefficient of 0.224 and a t-value of 8.668 (p < 0.05). This indicates that higher levels of academic stress are associated with greater tendencies to procrastinate. In contrast, self-regulation was found to have a negative and significant effect on academic procrastination, with a regression coefficient of -0.351 and a t-value of 7.943 (p < 0.05), suggesting that students with stronger self-regulation skills are less likely to engage in procrastination. Furthermore, the simultaneous influence of academic stress and self-regulation on academic procrastination was significant, as evidenced by an F-value of 64.765 (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.644, indicating that 64.4% of the variance in academic procrastination can be explained by the two independent variables. These results underscore the critical role of stress management and the development of self-regulation abilities in mitigating academic procrastination among vocational school students. Educational interventions focused on reducing stress levels and enhancing self-regulatory behaviors may serve as effective strategies to promote better academic outcomes and reduce counterproductive procrastination habits.

Inclusive education plays a crucial role in achieving equal access and improving the quality of education for all students, including students with special needs. In the context of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning, the implementation of inclusive education still faces significant challenges, both in terms of teaching strategies, teacher skills, and available supporting facilities and infrastructure. This study aims to describe the perceptions of PJOK teachers and classroom teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive learning for students with special needs in PJOK activities at the elementary school level. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including semi-structured interviews and documentation. The research subjects consisted of PJOK teachers and classroom teachers who teach at SDN 2 Gobras. The results show that the teachers have a good understanding of the importance of creating a friendly, adaptive, and enjoyable learning environment for students with special needs. The teachers make adjustments in learning activities through modifying tools, implementing small group strategies, providing appropriate motivation, and close collaboration with homeroom teachers and parents. However, limitations in the training received and the support of existing facilities remain significant obstacles. The findings of this study provide important implications regarding the need for ongoing training and strengthened collaboration between teachers to support the creation of more effective and sustainable inclusive education. Therefore, this research is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of inclusive education in elementary schools and raise awareness of the importance of supporting students with special needs in the learning process.

Livestock cultivation aims to meet the needs of animal food and improve the standard of living of farmers. Some of the factors that need to be considered in livestock cultivation include the selection of superior seeds, feed management, disease prevention and treatment, cages that meet standards, and marketing of livestock products. Livestock is one of the five agricultural subsectors where livestock is a cultivation or maintenance activity with the aim of benefiting from these activities. This study uses a type of quantitative research. The variables studied consisted of intensive maintenance costs and broiler profits. The population used in this study is all breeders in Nagan Raya Regency, each farm has different abilities and number of livestock. Therefore, the population used is all farmers with an intensive maintenance system in 5 sub-districts of Nagan Raya Regency, namely 12 chicken farmers. Because of the small number of populations, the sample in this study is the entire population. The data sources in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. In this study, quantitative analysis uses  the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 computer program, because with this program analysis can be carried out quickly, and produce more accurate outputs. And the data analysis model used in this study is a simple linear regression method. The results of this study are that intensive maintenance costs incurred by broiler farmers have a very good influence on increasing profits from farmers' crops. Because with an intensive system the growth of chickens is more uniform and the deaths that occur in broilers can be avoided.

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2021 to 2023, the crime rate in Indonesia increased by 345,510 cases. This increase indicates social problems, particularly in the economic sector. Factors such as high unemployment, high poverty rates, and low minimum wages are the main causes driving crime. When people's basic needs are not met, the potential for deviant behavior to meet their living needs tends to increase. This study aims to analyze the influence of unemployment, poverty, and the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) on crime rates in Indonesia, both partially and simultaneously. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data sources obtained from official BPS publications. The data used is panel data, namely a combination of time series (time span) and cross-section (across regions/provinces) data for the period 2021–2023. Data analysis was performed using a panel data regression model with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach after undergoing the Hausman Test. The results show that partially, the three variables—unemployment, poverty, and the UMP—have a significant influence on crime rates. Simultaneous testing also showed that collectively, these three variables significantly influence the crime rate. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) test result of 93.5% indicates that unemployment, poverty, and the minimum wage (UMP) variables are able to explain most of the variation in crime rates in Indonesia during the study period, while the remaining 6.5% is influenced by other variables not included in the model. This finding emphasizes the importance of improving the economic conditions of the community through job creation, poverty alleviation, and minimum wage adjustments as preventative measures to reduce crime rates in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the effect of open unemployment rate, education level, and minimum wage on economic growth in East Java Province during the period 2017-2024. The approach used is quantitative with an explanatory research design. The data were analyzed using panel data regression method that includes time dimension and geographical area, and supported by statistical tests to measure the significance of the influence of each variable. The results show that the open unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect on economic growth. In contrast, education level has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, the minimum wage also has a significant but negative effect on economic growth, indicating that an increase in the minimum wage that is not proportional to productivity can hinder economic growth. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly affect economic growth in East Java Province. The R-squared value of 41.80% indicates that the variation in economic growth can be explained by these three variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the model.
 

Abstract. The increasing demand for eco-friendly and recyclable materials has driven the development of natural fiber-based composite materials. This study aims to analyze the effect of volume fraction variation on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites made from coconut coir fiber and banana stem fiber with an epoxy matrix. The research employed an experimental method with variations of fiber volume fractions at 40%, 30%, and 20%, and mechanical testing including tensile, bending, and impact tests based on ASTM standards. The results showed that the highest tensile strength was achieved by the composite with a 60% matrix and 40% fiber volume fraction, reaching 21.16 MPa. Meanwhile, the highest bending strength and impact resistance were obtained by the composite with an 80% matrix and 20% fiber volume fraction, at 49.46 MPa and 0.00837 Joule/mm², respectively. Increasing the fiber content tends to enhance tensile strength but reduces bending strength and impact resistance due to uneven resin distribution and the formation of voids. This hybrid composite has potential as an environmentally friendly material alternative with competitive mechanical properties.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) refers to an infection targeting the human respiratory passages, predominantly affecting children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. Improperly managed ARI condition can result in worsening nutritional conditions, secondary infections, stunted growth, and development. The family plays an important role in efforts to prevent ARI and its complications. When the family gets better at Providing family health services, the level of ARI that occurs in the family becomes less severe. The current study investigates the link between family health tasks and severity of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI). An observational approach was utilized in this study with a retrospective design. The activities were conducted during the period June-August 2022 at the Dinoyo Community Health Center, Malang City. Purposive sampling was used resulted in 57 samples experiencing ARI. The instruments for both variables were assessed through questionnaires The hypothesis was tested using a chi-square test. The result show mothers who had poor family development tasks had a severity level of severe ARI of 38.6%; mothers in charge of family development had mild ARI in 15.8% of cases and moderate ARI in an estimated 22.8% of cases. The results obtained from the Chi-Square Test have a p-value = 0.000. This study reveals a significant correlation between family task performance and ARI severity in toddlers. Mothers who demonstrate poor achievement in family developmental tasks are more likely to have children experiencing higher severity of ARI. 

Stunting is a state of chronic malnutrition associated with nutritional insufficiency.  Stunting can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality, hindering children's growth and development.  Malnutrition in toddlers can also arise due to the cultural practices, eating habits, and social norms related to food intake. The role of the family and the community is very important in ensuring the success of stunting prevention programs. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review of the international literature on community-based interventions to prevent stunting in children under 5 years. We reviewed original quantitative research from Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and ProQuest using the keywords “community intervention” OR “family intervention” AND “stunting” AND “toddlers”. We conducted a critical appraisal using PRISMA guidelines on evidence documenting the community-based intervention or program as a strategy to reduce stunting in toddlers, between 1 January 2013 and 31 January 2023 with the inclusion criteria of English-language, full-text, open-access, quantitative studies. Thirteen peer-reviewed papers met the inclusion criteria. This review found that family-based intervention could improve child growth and community-based intervention could strengthen the community health systems. The existing evidence showed a positive impact of community and family-based intervention to prevent stunting.  Family-strengthening interventions may have an impact on reducing stunting among children under 5 years.