The crime of sexual abuse against minors is a serious issue faced within the Indonesian legal system. This crime has long-term impacts on the victims and can potentially destroy the future of the child. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies regarding sexual abuse of minors, as well as the underlying factors contributing to the occurrence of such crimes. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach by collecting secondary data through literature studies and legal documents, as well as primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The results show that although laws related to child protection are in place, the implementation of law enforcement still faces various challenges. Additionally, social and psychological factors influence the frequency of sexual abuse against children. This research recommends an increase in legal socialization and the strengthening of law enforcement to better protect children from sexual crimes.
 
Abstrak
Kejahatan pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kejahatan ini memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap korban dan dapat merusak masa depan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kebijakan hukum pidana terkait pencabulan terhadap anak, serta faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kejahatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dan dokumen hukum, serta data primer melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak sudah ada, implementasi penegakan hukum masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Selain itu, faktor sosial dan psikologis juga memengaruhi frekuensi terjadinya pencabulan terhadap anak. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi hukum dan penguatan penegakan hukum untuk melindungi anak-anak dari kejahatan seksual.

This study aims to determine the application of Intellectual Property Rights in the franchise agreement on the Chemical Joss Clean Product Franchise contract and the legal consequences if there is a breach of contract on the Chemical Joss Clean Product Franchise. The innovative and environmentally friendly "Chemical Joss Clean" product is highly dependent on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) such as copyright, trademarks, patents, and trade secrets. To prevent unauthorized use, this study highlights the importance of the franchise agreement as a legal protection tool for the parties involved, and can sue legally if there is a violation, thus providing a sense of security and legal certainty between PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang as the franchisor and Franchisee CV. Damar Luhur Abadi as the recipient of the Franchise regarding the implementation of the franchise agreement. The urgency of the research is to ensure the success and sustainability of the franchise business. The research method uses juridical law with qualitative data analysis. The results of this study are the Franchise Agreement between PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang and CV. Damar Luhur Abadi has fulfilled the elements contained in Article 1320 of the Civil Code so that the agreement that has been established will bind both parties and become law for both parties. Points concerning IPR are regulated in Article 12 of Intellectual Property Rights in the Joss Clean product business partner agreement letter. The supervision mechanism from the franchisor to ensure that franchisees comply with the provisions related to the IPR of Joss Clean products, both PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang and CV. Damar Luhur Abadi have committed to jointly maintaining and supervising the use of the Joss Clean brand in accordance with the applicable agreement.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam perjanjian waralaba pada kontrak waralaba (Franchise) Produk Chemical Joss Clean dan akibat hukum apabila terjadi wanprestasi pada kontrak Franchise Produk Chemical Joss Clean. Produk "Chemical Joss Clean" yang inovatif dan ramah lingkungan sangat tergantung pada perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual (HKI) seperti hak cipta, merek dagang, paten, dan rahasia dagang. Untuk mencegah penggunaan yang tidak sah, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya perjanjian franchise sebagai alat perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak yang terlibat, dan dapat menuntut secara hukum jika terjadi pelanggaran, sehingga memberikan rasa aman dan kepastian hukum antara PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang selaku franchisor dan Franchisee CV. Damar Luhur Abadi selaku penerima Franchise mengenai pelaksanaan perjanjian waralaba (Franchise). Urgensi penelitian untuk menjamin keberhasilan dan kelangsungan bisnis franchise. Metode penelitian menggunakan hukum yuridis dengan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Perjanjian Waralaba antara PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang dan CV. Damar Luhur Abadi telah memenuhi unsur-unsur yang terdapat pada Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata sehingga kesepatakan yang telah terjalin akan mengikat kedua belah pihak dan menjadi hukum bagi kedua belah pihak. Poin-poin yang menyangkut HKI diatur dalam Pasal 12 Hak Kekayaan Intelektual pada surat perjanjian mitra bisnis produk Joss Clean. Mekanisme pengawasan dari pihak franchisor untuk memastikan penerima waralaba mematuhi ketentuan terkait HKI produk Joss Clean baik pihak PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang dan CV. Damar Luhur Abadi sudah berkomitmen untuk bersama-sama menjaga dan melakukan pengawasan penggunaan merek Joss Clean sesuai perjanjian yang berlakuCemerlang dan CV. Damar Luhur Abadi sudah berkomitmen untuk bersama-sama menjaga dan melakukan pengawasan penggunaan merek Joss Clean sesuai perjanjian yang berlaku.

Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 aims to realize the principle of fast, simple, and low-cost justice implementation. This article will discuss the effectiveness of the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation in resolving divorce cases at the Class 1A Religious Court of Semarang, and the factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation. This type of research is empirical juridical, with analytical descriptive research specifications. The sample is the implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 in resolving divorce cases at the Class 1A Religious Court of Semarang in 2023-2024. The data used are primary data and secondary data, which are collected through interviews, literature studies, and documentation studies. The data is then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the Implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number. 7 of 2022 in resolving divorce cases at the Class 1A Religious Court of Semarang is quite effective, but not yet optimal. The factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation are: (1) Internal factors: the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of E-Court, but there are still shortcomings in socialization, there are no pamphlets, guidebooks, brochures, visual media, and trial applications that can be accessed to practice using E-Court, (2) External factors: many people do not yet understand the procedures and benefits of E-Court, not all advocates have been able to adapt to the E-Court system, internet network access is uneven in various regions, and the background of human resources is diverse.
 
Abstrak
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 bertujuan untuk mewujudkan prinsip pelaksanaan peradilan yang cepat, sederhana, dan biaya ringan. Artikel ini akan membahas efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  tersebut dalam menyelesaikan perkara perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Semarang, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, dengan spesifikasi penelitian diskriptif analitis. Sampelnya adalah pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 dalam penyelesaian perkara perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Semarang tahun 2023-2024. Data yang dipakai adalah data primer dan data sekunder, yang diambil dengan cara wawancara, studi Pustaka, dan studi dokumentasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor. 7 Tahun 2022 dalam menyelesaikan perkara perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Semarang, cukup efektif, tetapi belum optimal. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  tersebut adalah : (1) Faktor internal : tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai untuk mendukung penyelenggaraan E-Court, namun masih ada kekurangan dalam sosialisasi, tidak ada pamflet, buku panduan, brosur, media visual, dan aplikasi percobaan yang dapat diakses untuk berlatih menggunakan E-Court, (2) Faktor eksternal :  banyak masyarakat yang belum memahami prosedur dan keuntungan E-Court,  para advokat belum seluruhnya bisa beradaptasi dengan sistem E-Court, akses jaringan internet yang tidak merata di berbagai daerah,  dan  latar belakang SDM yang beragam.

This study examines the application of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in chemistry learning at SMAN 1 Sreseh, with a focus on increasing motivation and understanding of concepts among students, especially Children with Special Needs (ABK: Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus). PjBL was chosen as an approach that can increase student engagement through the exploration of projects relevant to everyday life, allowing students to better understand abstract chemical concepts. The results showed that the application of PjBL could increase students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with regular students experiencing a more significant improvement. Although ABK students show lower improvements, they also gain significant benefits in terms of understanding of chemistry concepts and active involvement in projects. This study confirms that PjBL is an effective learning method to increase motivation and understanding of concepts, especially for ABK students, in the context of inclusive education.
 

Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di MAN 1 Kebumen belum berjalan dengan optimal dan cenderung menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang masih terfokus pada guru (teacher centered), sehingga dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang mampu mengembangkan keterampilan siswa, salah satunya adalah discovery learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Membuat rancangan pembelajaran Model Discovery Learning pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen, 2) Menganalisis implementasi Model Discovery Learning pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen, 3) Menganalisis keaktifan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen, 4) Menganalisis hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan bentuk double shoot case pretest -posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) Rancangan pembelajaran discovery learning sesuai standar dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran, 2) Implementasi model discovery learning pada materi biosfer dan antroposfer berjalan sesuai rancangan dan memenuhi kriteria model discovery learning, 3) Keaktifan siswa tergolong tinggi dengan keterlibatan yang baik selama pembelajaran, 4) Hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan peningkatan setelah penerapan model discovery learning, dimana meningkat dari 75,00% pada posttest pertama menjadi 87,50% pada posttest kedua.

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is pain felt in the lower back area, either local pain or radicular pain or both. This pain is felt between the lower rib angle to the buttocks, namely in the lumbar or lumbosacral area and is often accompanied by pain spreading towards the legs. Purpose: This education aims to explain the prevention and benefits of Mc. Kenzie exercise in reducing lower back pain that can be done independently to prevent ongoing pain. Method: The method used is to educate teachers by practicing directly and promotional media in the form of leaflets to make it more attractive and easy to understand. Results: The results of the pre-test and post-test showed an increase in knowledge from an initial score of only 16% then increasing to 100%. Conclusion: Delivery of health information regarding the prevention and treatment of lower back pain by teaching how to do Mc. Kenzie exercise shows a positive impact on increasing the knowledge of teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Seputih Mataram, Central Lampung, where this exercise aims to reduce pain complaints, increase flexibility and mobility, so that teachers can handle pain complaints independently by doing exercises routinely and regularly.

level training is a curriculum designed to enhance the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes of early childhood educators throughout the material-deepening phase of their professional tasks. This teaching strategy targets adults, namely early childhood educators. This study's objective was an advanced description of the andragogy training paradigm. This study used a qualitative approach and descriptive methodologies. It utilized data-gathering methods, including observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study indicated that the training was conducted in accordance with the andragogy philosophy. Training at the advanced level in managing the education and training process with an andragogy approach included: (1) planning learning designs; (2) implementing learning activities with methods and techniques appropriate for adult learning; (3) evaluating learning outcomes and diagnosing learning needs; (4) Creating an environment and climate that encourages individual learning; (5) Developing tools and strategies that facilitate collaborative learning; (6) Diagnosing unique learning requirements; and (7) Formulating training program objectives based on the needs of the learners. The andragogy training approach does an outstanding job of providing early childhood educators with advanced training and enhancing early childhood learning.

Character education is very important for building a generation of the nation's successors who have noble character and positive behavior, especially amidst the increasingly complex challenges of the times. This article discusses the definition of character education, its objectives, and the benefits of implementing it in schools. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, and the literature study method was employed to investigate various references related to the subject. The study results indicate that educational character is very important in shaping students' personalities, preventing bad behavior among teenagers, preparing a responsible generation, providing the tools for living in society, and supporting students' academic achievements. To achieve this, educational character must be integrated into the curriculum through practice, exemplary behavior, and collaboration between schools, families, and communities. Therefore, educational character is very important for building a generation of successors who are virtuous and behave positively. Especially in the face of increasingly complex challenges of the times, educational character can produce a generation that is not only cognitively intelligent but also possesses strong character.

This study was conducted at SDN Grogol II for fourth-grade students with the aim of evaluating the influence of reading activities on vocabulary development in descriptive texts, both individually and in groups, in relation to students' ability to write descriptive texts at the elementary education level. In addition, the research also examines how mastery of sentence structures affects descriptive writing skills and assesses the impact of the combination of vocabulary and sentence mastery on writing performance. A qualitative approach was employed, using the Think-Talk-Write (TTW) technique to enhance students’ descriptive writing skills. The study consisted of two cycles implemented through Classroom Action Research. Prior to the implementation of the TTW method, there were several obstacles in the learning process, particularly in the influence of reading activities on vocabulary development, which affected students’ ability to compose descriptive texts. At that time, only 21 students, or 52.5%, had a good understanding of the material, while 19 students, or 47.5%, still lacked sufficient comprehension. However, after applying the Think-Talk-Write (TTW) method, a significant improvement was observed, with 100% of the students achieving scores above 60.

This research was conducted in the fifth-grade class of SDN Lebak Kepuh 1 to examine active learning in the classroom that focuses on a student-based learning approach. This approach is important in encouraging students' critical thinking skills. The teacher is the main factor that influences students' motivation to actively participate in class discussions. The study aims to evaluate the role of the teacher as well as strategies that can be implemented to increase student activeness. The purpose of this study is to find out active learning strategies to increase the participation of fifth grade students at Lebak Kepuh 1 State Elementary School in the 2024/2025 school year. The study also highlights the teacher's contribution in motivating students and effective solutions to overcome learning obstacles. The method used is a literature study, with the results showing three main roles of the teacher as a facilitator, classroom time manager, and constructive feedback giver.