Forests are a vital element in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem because they provide various needs for living things, such as a source of oxygen, carbon dioxide absorber, food provider, climate regulator, and biodiversity conservation place. However, along with the times, deforestation is increasingly rampant and threatens the sustainability of forest ecological functions. One potential approach to preserving forests is local wisdom-based conservation by involving indigenous communities. This study aims to analyse forest conservation practices carried out by the indigenous people of Kampung Naga in Tasikmalaya through a zone division system based on local wisdom values. Using qualitative methods and a case study approach, this research examines how the Kampung Naga community maintains ecosystem balance through structured land management and preservation of forest ecological functions. In addition, this research also explores customary values and norms that shape community behaviour in environmental management, such as the use of natural materials in house construction, sustainable management of agricultural land, and the application of silviculture principles in maintaining forest areas as a life support. The results of this study show that local wisdom can be a strong basis for sustainable natural resource management.

This research analyzes the application of Voice of Customer (VoC) in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies in leading Indonesian digital platforms, namely Tokopedia and Gojek. In the competitive digital era, the company's ability to understand and respond to customer expectations is crucial for maintaining relevance and competitiveness. CRM, as a customer interaction management strategy, is significantly strengthened by VoC, which involves a systematic process to capture customer feedback to understand their expectations and perceptions of products, services, and brands as a whole. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive analytical methods, this study utilizes secondary data from various reliable sources. Empathy Map is used to map the customer experience based on "Think & Feel", "See & Observe", "Say & Do", and "Hear & Listen". Results show both companies commit to VoC for service development, integrating digital channels for feedback, and applying customer-centricity. Tokopedia focuses on shopping experience and product quality with structured, long-term VoC. Gojek emphasizes service timeliness and partner professionalism with direct, adaptive VoC. Consistent VoC enables proactive and predictive CRM. This research contributes to CRM literature in Indonesian digital companies.

Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap jenis on-grid di Indonesia, dengan titik perhatian pada aspek standarisasi inverter, kelayakan ekonomi, serta sistem monitoring berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Melalui pendekatan studi literatur kualitatif terhadap lima jurnal ilmiah, analisis dilakukan terhadap kesesuaian teknis, prospek finansial, dan efisiensi pemantauan secara real-time. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PLTS on-grid mampu menurunkan ketergantungan pada jaringan listrik sebesar 20 kWh per bulan pada sektor perumahan, serta memberikan efisiensi biaya hingga 22,1% pada sektor lembaga keuangan, dengan estimasi waktu pengembalian investasi selama 8 tahun. Penggunaan inverter yang sesuai dengan standar nasional (SNI) dan internasional—dengan efisiensi lebih dari 95% dan total harmonic distortion (THD) di bawah 3%—menjamin stabilitas dan keandalan sistem. Selain itu, integrasi sistem monitoring IoT yang terhubung dengan Telegram menunjukkan akurasi tinggi dengan tingkat kesalahan kurang dari 0,15%. Sistem ini juga berkontribusi pada pengurangan emisi karbon dioksida, mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ke-7. Adapun rekomendasi yang diajukan meliputi penyempurnaan kebijakan ekspor energi listrik serta penguatan sistem penyimpanan data IoT. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi policy makers dan pemangku kepentingan dalam mendorong transisi menuju energi yang lebih berkelanjutan di Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the potential and challenges of utilizing Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in Medan City, which is geographically located near the equator and receives high exposure to sunlight throughout the year. The method used is a literature review with a narrative review approach that analyzes secondary data from various journals and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that Medan City has an average annual horizontal global solar radiation intensity of 463.61 W/m², with the potential for electrical power that can be generated from rooftop solar panels reaching 748.57 MW (monocrystalline), 598.85 MW (polycrystalline), and 299.43 MW (thin film). This potential is comparable to the capacity of large-scale power plants. The use of PLTS contributes to reducing carbon emissions, increasing energy security, creating jobs, and developing the local economy. However, challenges such as high installation costs, limited suitability of roof structures, and low public awareness are still major obstacles in the implementation of this technology. Therefore, synergy is needed between government policies, public education, and technological innovation to optimize the use of solar energy in urban areas such as Medan.

This study aims to compare two main theories in modern cosmology, namely the Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory, using a descriptive cosmographic approach. This study is motivated by the lack of deep understanding as well as the limited Indonesian literature discussing the fundamental differences between the two theories. By employing a qualitative method through literature review, this research examines the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each theory based on the latest scientific evidence and cosmographic perspectives. The analysis results show that the Big Bang Theory has strong support from observational evidence, such as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), galaxy redshift, and the distribution of light elements, which reinforces the narrative of the expansion and evolution of the universe. In contrast, the Steady State Theory is considered less relevant due to the absence of observational evidence for the creation of new matter and its inability to explain structure and the dynamics of the universe that are currently observed.

Soil moisture is a crucial factor in agriculture that affects plant growth and crop productivity. In modern agricultural systems, accurate soil moisture monitoring is essential for optimizing water usage and enhancing the efficiency of automatic irrigation systems. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture monitoring system and evaluate the performance of three types of soil moisture sensors: Soil Moisture FC-28, Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor, and Soil Moisture Hygrometer Module Sensor. The evaluation compares the accuracy and effectiveness of each sensor in measuring soil moisture. The research methodology involves measuring soil moisture in ten different soil samples using the three sensors simultaneously. The system is based on the ESP32 microcontroller, where data from the sensors are processed and displayed on an LCD Liquid Crystal I2C 20x4. Data analysis is conducted using the one-way ANOVA statistical method to determine whether there are significant differences among the measurement results of the three sensors.The results indicate that each sensor exhibits different measurement characteristics based on its working principle. The Soil Moisture FC-28 sensor, which operates on resistance, shows high sensitivity to changes in soil moisture but is susceptible to corrosion. The Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor is more durable as it does not have direct contact with the soil, yet it requires more precise calibration. Meanwhile, the Soil Moisture Hygrometer Module Sensor provides more stable results under various environmental conditions. The one-way ANOVA analysis reveals no significant differences in the measurement results among the three sensors.

This study investigates the role of consumer trust in mediating the influence of electronic word of mouth and brand image on the review of purchasing decisions on the Shopee e-marketplace in Banda Aceh City. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a sample of 115 respondents through a purposive sampling technique. The data of this study were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SEM AMOS. This study concludes that e-wom and brand image are proven to be able to increase consumer trust and purchasing decisions on Shopee in Banda Aceh City. In addition, trust also helps increase consumer decisions in purchasing various products offered by Shopee. Consumer trust in this study is proven to partially mediate e-wom and brand image on Purchase decisions on Shopee in Banda Aceh City.

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that is not only related to economic aspects, but also social, cultural, and political, which affects the welfare of poor families. The Family Hope Program (PKH) in Makassar City is designed as a conditional social assistance program that aims to improve the welfare of poor families through the provision of financial assistance and increased access to basic services. This study aims to explore the role of social companions in building trust, factors that affect the participation of poor families, and obstacles in the implementation of PKH. The method used was descriptive qualitative with subjects of 10 beneficiary families and 3 social companions, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations, then analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. The results of the study show that social companions play a crucial role as communication mediators who build trust through an empathetic and familial approach, which strengthens the sense of belonging to the program. Family participation is influenced by social capital, local cultural norms, education levels, as well as bureaucratic constraints and access to services. Barriers such as social stigma, complicated bureaucracy, and limited companion training hinder the effectiveness of the program. Habermas's theory of communicative action and Durkheim's social solidarity support the finding that open dialogue and harmonious relationships between companions and families are key to successful social empowerment. It was concluded that strengthening the capacity of companions, simplifying bureaucracy, and increasing participatory dialogue spaces are needed to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of PKH in Makassar.

The rapid advancement of digital transformation, coupled with the increasing intensity of competition in the financial industry, compels banking institutions to implement appropriate strategies to enhance their competitiveness—particularly in serving the micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) segments. This study aims to analyze the application of the Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix as a tool for formulating effective marketing strategies at Bank BRI Unit Sokaraja Tengah.By employing a qualitative approach through direct observation and interviews, this research evaluates four key dimensions within the SPACE Matrix framework: Financial Strength (FS), Competitive Advantage (CA), Environmental Stability (ES), and Industry Strength (IS). The analysis results indicate that FS scored 5, CA scored 4, ES scored 4, and IS scored 3. Collectively, these scores position Bank BRI Unit Sokaraja Tengah within the aggressive quadrant.These findings suggest that the bank unit possesses strong internal capabilities and significant external opportunities for continued growth and innovation. Based on this strategic positioning, the recommended strategies include: strengthening digital service innovation, enhancing customers' financial literacy, and fostering active collaboration with the SME community. The implementation of this aggressive strategy is expected to reinforce the bank's competitive position and sustainably support growth in the microeconomic sector.

Language is crucial for human interaction, making foreign language education, especially Japanese, increasingly vital in the global era. Indonesia holds the second-highest number of Japanese learners globally. This study evaluates SakuJapan, a Japanese learning application, to enhance basic Japanese skills among IPB Vocational School students. Using a quantitative descriptive approach with 20 students, data was collected via online questionnaires on usage, features, effectiveness, and motivation. Findings show SakuJapan is an effective and user-friendly tool; 75% of respondents regularly use features like Hiragana, Katakana, vocabulary, and practice questions. The application scored an average effectiveness of 4.3 out of 5, with 85% of users gaining confidence in basic Japanese. While generally well-received, suggestions include offline features, varied exercises, adjustable game difficulty, and more audio, daily conversations, and JLPT-standardized tests. These insights guide further development for a more comprehensive and adaptive learning platform.