The use of synthetic feed additives in Peking ducks has adverse effects on their growth and productivity. Spirulina sp., a blue-green algae, has the potential to be used as a safe feed additive that can enhance the growth and productivity of ducks. This study aims to analyze the effects of Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powder as a feed additive on the histomorphometry of the duodenum in Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), focusing on the duodenal lumen diameter, villus height, villus width, mucosal tunic thickness, submucosal tunic thickness, and muscular tunic thickness. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 35 ducks divided into 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments included a control group and the addition of spirulina powder in feed at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of 5%, followed by Duncan's test. The results of data analysis showed that spirulina powder had a significant effect (P<0.05) on villus height and duodenal mucosa tunica thickness. The conclusion of this study is that spirulina powder has the potential to be used as a feed additive to improve digestive performance in male Peking ducks, as evidenced by the increase in villus height and thick tunica mucosa in the small intestine. The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of spirulina powder as a feed additive to increase the size of the duodenal tissue structure in Peking ducks. The results of this study are expected to be a new reference on the potential of spirulina as a feed additive to improve poultry feed quality and digestive performance, especially in peking ducks.

Kepuasan pelanggan menjadi indikator utama dalam meningkatan mutu pelayanan, salah satunya pada sektor pendidikan non-formal seperti lembaga bimbingan belajar (bimbel). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem yang pengukur tingkat kepuasan siswa terhadap layanan bimbel dengan menggunakan metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Terdapat lima variabel utama yang dianalisis, yaitu harga, fasilitas, kualitas tentor, materi dan hasil belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kuisioner kepada 20 responden, yang mencakup dua atribut penilaian, yaitu kepentingan (importance) dan kepuasan (satisfaction). Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan nilai CSI berada pada kriteria “sangat puas” dengan indeks 88.16%. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan sistem review dan rating siswa yang diintegrasikan dengan portal bimbel berbasis web yang telah ada. Sistem ini memungkinkan siswa memberikan penilaian dan ulasan langsung terhadap layanan bimbel serta menjadi sarana umpan balik yang objektif. Dengan adanya integrasi ini, pengelola bimbel dapat memantau kepuasan pelanggan serta melakukan evaluasi dan peningkatan layanan bimbel. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode CSI yang dikombinasikan dengan sistem informasi mampu mendorong kualitas layanan pendidikan non-formal kearah yang lebih adaptif dan responsif.
 
Kata Kunci - Customer Satisfaction Index, Bimbingan Belajar, Review dan Rating, Sistem Informasi, Kepuasan Pelanggan

This paper proposes a cosine comparator-based firing angle control strategy for three-phase full-wave thyristor rectifiers. Gate pulses are generated by comparing phase-synchronized cosine reference signals with a tunable threshold voltage, allowing precise control over conduction intervals. The method’s effectiveness is evaluated across firing angles ranging from 30° to 120° under RLC load conditions. Quantitative results demonstrate accurate gate synchronization and substantial reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)—by over 50% relative to conventional ramp-based techniques. The findings confirm the proposed control scheme's potential for high-performance, low-distortion AC-DC conversion, making it suitable for industrial and educational power electronics applications.
 
Keywords - Three-phase controlled rectifier, cosine comparator, firing angle, Simulink modeling, thyristor gate control, FFT analysis.

Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (NN) merupakan sebuah paradigma dalam pemrosesan informasi yang dimodelkan berdasarkan sistem neuron, menyerupai cara otak manusia memproses informasi. Penelitian ini membahas penerapan jaringan saraf dengan algoritma pembelajaran backpropagation yang diimplementasikan dalam simulasi sebagai pengendali suatu sistem. Pressure Process Rig 38-714 digunakan sebagai model plant dalam penelitian ini. Pengendali berbasis Jaringan Saraf Tiruan ini beroperasi dengan menghitung kesalahan antara keluaran aktual sistem dan masukan referensi yang telah ditentukan, dimana sinyal hasil selisih antara keluaran plant dan sinyal referensi menjadi masukan utama bagi sistem kendali. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan pendekatan pengendalian berbasis eror dengan pelatihan dua tahap, yakni konfigurasi seri-paralel dan paralel, serta disertai metode faktor pengali untuk menjaga kestabilan sinyal kendali dalam batas kerja plant. Berbagai eksperimen dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja sistem, termasuk pengujian dengan dan tanpa gangguan, serta pembandingan terhadap metode Direct Inverse Control Neural Network (DIC NN). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan ini memberikan solusi adaptif dan tahan terhadap eror, dengan performa dan ketahanan yang lebih baik dalam kondisi terpengaruh gangguan dibandingkan metode DIC NN. Keberhasilan sistem diukur dari kesesuaian antara keluaran plant dengan sinyal referensi dan kemampuan sistem kendali dalam meredam gangguan secara efektif.
 
Kata kunci: Pengendali, Neural Network, Backpropagation.

Permintaan terhadap energi terbarukan terus meningkat, sehingga diperlukan sistem monitoring yang efisien dan dapat diakses secara real-time untuk memastikan kinerja yang optimal. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan sistem monitoring berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dengan antarmuka Android pada solar charge controller MPPT merek Epever. Alasan utama pemilihan topik ini adalah keterbatasan aksesibilitas dan minimnya tampilan antarmuka pengguna pada sistem monitoring konvensional. Sistem ini menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266 sebagai penghubung komunikasi antara solar charge controller dan aplikasi Android melalui jaringan Wi-Fi. Parameter yang dimonitor meliputi tegangan baterai, tegangan panel surya, arus, dan status pengisian daya, yang ditampilkan secara real-time pada perangkat Android. Metode yang digunakan mencakup perancangan sistem, integrasi perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, serta pengujian performa di berbagai kondisi intensitas cahaya matahari. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu menampilkan data secara akurat dengan jeda waktu yang rendah, serta meningkatkan kemudahan pengguna dalam memantau kinerja sistem. Kesimpulannya, sistem ini memberikan solusi monitoring yang murah, portabel, dan mudah dikembangkan untuk sistem energi surya, serta berkontribusi dalam pengelolaan energi yang cerdas dan berkelanjutan. Kontribusi utama penelitian ini adalah pengembangan sistem monitoring yang efisien dan portabel berbasis Android-IoT menggunakan komunikasi Modbus RTU, yang belum banyak digunakan pada sistem serupa. Dibandingkan dengan sistem monitoring konvensional, sistem ini menunjukkan peningkatan efisiensi dalam hal latensi, konsumsi daya, dan aksesibilitas pengguna.
 
Kata kunci: Internet of Things, Solar Charge Controller, MPPT Epever, Monitoring Real-Time.

The handling of hazardous chemicals, such as sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), in industrial processes requires a control system that ensures both operational reliability and safety. Manual pump operation in such contexts carries a significant risk of over-pumping, leaks, and exposure, which can lead to environmental contamination and safety hazards. To address this issue, this study focuses on the design and implementation of an automatic pump control system prototype using the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The system integrates three key sensors: a float switch for basic level detection, an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for precise liquid level measurement, and a water flow sensor (YF-S201) for monitoring flow rate. The prototype is programmed to automatically regulate pump operation based on real-time input from the sensors. When the liquid level reaches a predetermined threshold, the pump activates or deactivates accordingly. Sensor data, including fluid height and flow rate, are displayed in real-time on a 3.5-inch TFT LCD, allowing for direct operator monitoring. Both the hardware configuration and software algorithms were tested for functionality, response time, and accuracy under simulated industrial conditions. The results indicate that the system can reliably control pump activation with minimal error rates. The ultrasonic sensor demonstrated an average measurement error of 0.94%, while the water flow sensor achieved an error rate of 1.19%. The software successfully processed sensor data and executed output actions consistent with the programmed logic. Overall, this automated control system proved effective in mitigating the risk of over-pumping and improving safety in handling hazardous chemical fluids. Given its accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, the developed prototype is considered suitable for small- to medium-scale industrial applications, with potential for further refinement to meet larger operational demands.

The rapid growth of information technology has driven digital transformation in various sectors, including micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), the backbone of the Indonesian economy. In response to the challenges and opportunities of digitalization, the Surabaya City Government launched the Peken e-commerce platform on October 31, 2021. This platform aims to help MSMEs market their products online, expand market reach, and increase competitiveness. However, the use of digital systems also presents new challenges, particularly in terms of cybersecurity. Dependence on technology opens the door to various threats that can compromise data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This study aims to analyze and evaluate information security risks on the Peken Surabaya website using a risk management approach based on the ISO/IEC 27005:2019 standard. The analysis method involves identifying information assets, recognizing potential threats, identifying vulnerabilities, and assessing risk levels based on the likelihood of occurrence and impact. To support the analysis, technical testing was also conducted using the Open Web Application Security Project Zed Attack Proxy (OWASP ZAP) tool. The research results indicate that most of the risks faced by Peken Surabaya are moderate to very high. These risks include Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, user data leaks, and the lack of a two-factor authentication (2FA) system. Based on these findings, a risk management strategy was developed using the Risk Modification, Risk Sharing, Risk Retention, and Risk Avoidance approaches. Furthermore, this study recommends security controls based on ISO/IEC 27005 and OWASP Top 10 to enhance system protection. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing international standards-based risk management in maintaining the continuity and security of digital public services, particularly those supporting the MSME sector in the digital era.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the niqab (face veil) as a religious symbol and an identity marker for Muslim women, which continues to spark public debate in Indonesia. The niqab is often viewed from various perspectives—religious, cultural, social, and political—making it a controversial topic. These differing viewpoints highlight the need for a deeper exploration of the meaning and practice of wearing the niqab, especially within Islamic higher education institutions. The study aims to examine both the normative and sociological aspects of niqab use among female students at Ma’had Al-Birr, Muhammadiyah University (Unismuh) Makassar. This institution is known for having a significant number of students who wear the niqab, each with different backgrounds and motivations, ranging from theological beliefs to personal convictions and environmental influences. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a field-based approach. It combines normative Islamic theological perspectives with sociological analysis, using data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that students perceive the niqab not merely as a religious obligation to cover one's aurat (parts of the body that should be concealed), but also as a symbol of piety, honor, obedience, and personal ijtihad (independent reasoning) in practicing Islamic teachings. An inclusive campus environment supports these students in engaging freely in both academic and social activities. However, challenges still arise, particularly in the form of stereotypes and perceptions of exclusivity that some individuals associate with niqab wearers. These misconceptions underscore the importance of cross-perspective understanding in addressing this phenomenon. This study is expected to contribute to the development of campus policies that support freedom of expression, uphold mutual respect, and promote a more inclusive, open, and tolerant atmosphere within Islamic higher education institutions—one that embraces the diversity of religious practices and encourages respectful coexistence.

Temuan dari penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya hubungan pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku konsumtif dan kemampuan pengelolaan keuangan di kalangan mahasiswa program studi akuntansi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif metode survei melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 47 mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa literasi keuangan memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap perilaku konsumtif. Sebaliknya, literasi keuangan memiliki hubungan positif terhadap kemampuan pengelolaan keuangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa dengan tingkat literasi yang baik, cenderung mampu dalam membatasi diri dari perilaku konsumtif dan dapat mengelola keuangannya dengan lebih terstruktur. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya literasi keuangan dalam membentuk perilaku keuangan mahasiswa yang bijak.

This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.