The identification and early treatment of skin diseases are crucial to mitigate serious health risks. The growing attention on researching skin disease analysis stems from the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology. In this systematic review, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to comprehensively assess recent approaches for skin disease detection. Our study addressed four key research questions exploring the methods for skin disease detection, the evaluation techniques employed to measure the effectiveness of skin disease detection models, the datasets utilized, and the challenges encountered in applying machine learning and deep learning techniques for skin disease detection. We screened studies from 2019 to 2023 from reputable databases, including IEEE Explore, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Our findings revealed that the CNN model outperformed other deep learning models. Additionally, our analysis identified the ISIC public dataset as the most frequently used dataset. The studies reviewed employed evaluation metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score to evaluate model performance. We identified several limitations in the studies we reviewed, including the use of limited datasets, challenges in distinguishing between diseases with similar features, and other related limitations. Overall, we provided a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art techniques in skin disease detection and highlighted the future directions.

This review explores the integration of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) principles in AI to advance Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI). It highlights how these fields intersect to create user-friendly AI systems that enhance human capabilities and align with human values. Given the recent interest of HCI in user-centered design and AI in technical innovation, this paper bridges this divide by infusing principles from HCI into AI systems. Relevant peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and case studies have been selected from leading databases like IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, encompassing publications from 2017 to 2024. The inclusion criteria for the review focus on interdisciplinary approaches, real-world applications, and challenges of HCAI, while studies that do not have a clear methodology or lack relevance to HCAI were excluded. This paper identifies some of the key gaps, highlights the successful applications of HCAI across healthcare, edu-cation, and entertainment, and discusses various challenges that have arisen, such as bias, transparency, and balancing automation with human control. Findings reveal that iterative design and hu-man-centered frameworks will lead to better usability and ethical fit for HCAI, but significant challenges remain. This study proposes an integrative framework for bringing HCI principles into AI design through interdisciplinary collaboration in developing systems that will enhance human capabilities while considering ethical aspects. Future directions include responsible AI, personalized healthcare, and effective human-AI collaboration.

Autonomous mobile robot navigation integrates localization, mapping, and path planning to enable effective operation in complex environments. This study compares a modified Q-learning algorithm with a Deep Q-Network (DQN) in a simulated gym environment, focusing on convergence speed, success rate, and computational efficiency. The modified Q-learning algorithm converged after 44 episodes, outperforming the DQN, which required 400 episodes. It achieved a success rate of 69.6% with a cumulative reward that surpassed the DQN in fewer episodes, while completing simulations in just 9 minutes compared to 400 minutes for the DQN. These results demonstrate the modified Q-learning’s efficiency in addressing the exploration-exploitation trade-off and navigating complex environments. This study highlights the potential of the modified Q-learning algorithm for real-world applications in robotics and autonomous navigation, providing a foundation for future research in intelligent path planning

This paper presents a hybrid quantum-classical machine learning model for classification tasks, integrating a 4-qubit quantum circuit with a classical neural network. The quantum circuit is designed to encode the features of the Iris dataset using angle embedding and entangling gates, thereby capturing complex feature relationships that are difficult for classical models alone. The model, which we term a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN), was trained over 20 epochs, achievinga perfect 100% accuracy on the Iris dataset test set on 16 epoch. Our results demonstrate the potential of quantum-enhanced models in supervised learning tasks, particularly in efficiently encoding and processing data using quantum resources. We detail the quantum circuit design, parameterizedgate selection, and the integration of the quantum layer with classical neural network components.This work contributes to the growing body of research on hybrid quantum-classical models and theirapplicability to real-world datasets.

High blood pressure (or hypertension) is a causative disorder to a plethora of other ailments – as it succinctly masks other ailments, making them difficult to diagnose and manage with a targeted treatment plan effectively. While some patients living with elevated high blood pressure can effectively manage their condition via adjusted lifestyle and monitoring with follow-up treatments, Others in self-denial leads to unreported instances, mishandled cases, and in now rampant cases – result in death. Even with the usage of machine learning schemes in medicine, two (2) significant issues abound, namely: (a) utilization of dataset in the construction of the model, which often yields non-perfect scores, and (b) the exploration of complex deep learning models have yielded improved accuracy, which often requires large dataset. To curb these issues, our study explores the tree-based stacking ensemble with Decision tree, Adaptive Boosting, and Random Forest (base learners) while we explore the XGBoost as a meta-learner. With the Kaggle dataset as retrieved, our stacking ensemble yields a prediction accuracy of 1.00 and an F1-score of 1.00 that effectively correctly classified all instances of the test dataset.

Landslides pose significant threats to life, property, and infrastructure. This study explores applying unsupervised learning techniques to identify and understand landslide-prone areas. We analyzed topographic data by employing K-Means, Hierarchical Clustering, Spectral Clustering, Mean Shift Clustering, and DBSCAN to uncover hidden patterns in landslide occurrence. Evaluation metrics, including the Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index, and Calinski-Harabasz Index, were used to assess the performance of these algorithms. Hierarchical Clustering achieved the highest Silhouette Score of 0.635, indicating excellent cluster separation. However, Mean Shift Clustering outperformed the other methods with a superior Davies-Bouldin Index of 0.603 and the highest Calinski-Harabasz Index of 4121.75, demonstrating the best overall clustering performance. DBSCAN also performed well, with a Silhouette Score of 0.610 and 12 noise points identified. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of landslide spatial distribution and can inform the development of effective early warning systems and mitigation strategies.

The efficacy of Cancer treatment often varies across different types of cancers. This study aims to investigate any pattern relationship in histopathological images of different cancer types to find any potential correlation between those patterns. Using deep image analysis techniques and artificial intelligence (AI), we extract, analyze, and compare the morphological parameters of cancer images to identify potential indicators of that treatment effective for one type that might be applicable for its correspondence. This research applied advanced image analysis, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and more sophisticated statistical analysis to find the required pattern relationship for those parameters. The study answers the question regarding the correlation of different measurement parameters across different varieties of cancer cells. The model achieved an impressive ROC-AUC score of 0.967, an F1-score of 0.805, and Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.767, indicating a high level of agreement and predictive performance. The overall accuracy of the model was 81%, with both macro and weighted averages also at 81%. These results provide strong evidence of meaningful pattern relationships across different cancer types, potentially enhancing treatments' applicability across various cancers.

This paper critically examines artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector and aims to identify concrete points of challenges and business value propositions first in radiology and then across healthcare more broadly. It discusses current applications in radiology and future uses of AI in healthcare, focusing on three main areas: (i) emergency incidents handling, (ii) intensive care unit treatment and (iii) augmented telemedicine, to which emergency radiology is a critical success factor. Despite some risks and compliance issues that need to be taken care of, this paper clearly shows that AI has the potential (a) to reengineer the business processes of the healthcare sector, using AI-assisted radiology as a driver and (b) to improve the effectiveness of the healthcare system as well as (c) to increase the quality provision of healthcare services. Despite its slow adoption, AI-assisted healthcare can indeed offer business/operational solutions that benefit all healthcare stakeholders.

The rapid growth in vehicle ownership has led to increased traffic congestion, making the need for autonomous driving solutions more urgent. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) offer a promising solution to improve road safety and reduce traffic accidents by adapting to various driving conditions without human intervention. This research focuses on implementing Deep Q-Network (DQN) to enhance AV performance in different driving modes: safe, normal, and aggressive. DQN was selected for its ability to handle complex, dynamic environments through experience replay, asynchronous training, and epsilon-greedy exploration. We designed a simulation environment using the Highway-env platform and evaluated the DQN model under varying traffic densities. The performance of the AV was assessed based on two key metrics: success rate and total reward. Our findings show that the DQN model achieved a success rate of 90.75%, 94.625%, and 95.875% in safe, normal, and aggressive modes, respectively. Although the success rate increased with traffic intensity, the total reward remained lower in aggressive driving scenarios, indicating room for optimization in decision-making processes under highly dynamic conditions. This study demonstrates that DQN can adapt effectively to different driving needs, but further optimization is needed to enhance performance in more challenging environments. Future work will focus on improving the DQN algorithm to maximize both success rate and reward in high-traffic scenarios and testing the model in more diverse and complex environments.

Incorporating deep learning models has marked a significant advancement in integrating trends and technology within the fashion industry. These models are extensively applied in the realm of image recognition, product recommendation, and trend prediction, employing deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Autoencoders. This paper aims to cover various aspects of the textile industry’s supply chain processes, highlighting these deep learning techniques' present influence and potential future directions. It includes a comprehensive analysis of some of the most recent and well-recognized studies in the industry that focus on different parts of a product’s lifecycle in the industry, such as Design and Trend Forecasting, Production and Quality Control, Marketing and Sales, and Distribution and Retail. While deep learning has significantly improved the efficiency of processes across the supply chain, our review highlights some of the existing challenges, such as dependency on large datasets, manual annotation needs, and limitations in creative design generation, encouraging future research to focus on more sophisticated models incorporating multimodal data and personalized factors like body types and aesthetic preferences. Additionally, areas like sewing pattern generation, body-aware designs, and ethical sourcing are critical areas of the fashion industry that require further exploration.