Abstrak - Tingginya permintaan akan akses internet berkecepatan tinggi di era digital ini mendorong pengembangan infrastruktur jaringan yang andal dan efisien. Teknologi Fiber To The Home (FTTH) berbasis Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) telah menjadi solusi dominan untuk menyediakan layanan triple play langsung ke pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menganalisis jaringan FTTH GPON optimal pada lingkungan residensial, serta mengintegrasikan sistem manajemen Mikrotik dan Mikhmon. Metode penelitian meliputi studi literatur, pengumpulan data topografi, dan simulasi perancangan jaringan dengan OptiSystem. Hasil simulasi OptiSystem menunjukkan desain jaringan mencapai kinerja transmisi sangat baik, dengan total redaman 17,6 dB, nilai yang diperoleh berada di bawah batas 28 dB sesuai dengan standar ITU-T G.984 dan Bit Error Rate (BER) mendekati nol, mengindikasikan kualitas sinyal dan margin daya memadai. Implementasi Mikhmon sebagai antarmuka manajemen hotspot intuitif memungkinkan pengelolaan profil pengguna, voucher internet, alokasi bandwidth, dan pemantauan trafik secara efisien. Kombinasi desain jaringan GPON yang robust dengan sistem manajemen Mikhmon yang praktis menjadikan solusi ini layak dan efektif untuk penyediaan akses internet broadband yang stabil dan terkelola baik bagi komunitas perumahan.
Kata Kunci: FTTH, GPON, OptiSystem, Mikrotik, Mikhmon.

Kubis merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Namun, hama dan penyakit lainnya adalah risiko terbesar dalam budidaya tanaman kubis. Salah satu faktor penting dalam keberhasilan produksi kubis adalah periode pertumbuhan, tetapi sering gagal karena banyak serangan hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan penyakit pada daun kubis menggunakan metode Support Vector Machine (SVM) berdasarkan fitur tekstur, yaitu Gray Level Coccurrence Matrix (GLCM) dan fitur warna Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) untuk memudahkan petani mengetahui jenis penyakitnya, sehingga dapat melakukan tindakan yang tepat untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut. Kumpulan data yang digunakan adalah 606 gambar daun kubis yang terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu data latih dan data uji dengan rasio 80:20. Kumpulan data tersebut diklasifikasikan ke dalam lima kategori penyakit, yaitu: Bercak Cincin, Bercak Daun, Busuk Hitam, Jamur Berbulu Halus, dan Kutu Daun. Uji fitur GLCM dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil percobaan sudut yaitu 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° dengan akurasi terbaik pada sudut 0°. Selain itu, parameter diuji pada metode SVM dengan kernel RBF, yaitu nilai C (1,5,10) dan gamma (10-1 – 10-5). Hasil akurasi terbaik menggunakan fitur GLCM dan HSV diperoleh dari nilai C = 10 dan gamma = 10-1 dengan akurasi 94,21%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengujian sudut fitur GLCM dan kernel RBF mempengaruhi hasil akurasi sehingga dalam penelitian ini penggunaan fitur GLCM dan HSV memberikan hasil yang lebih optimal. Proses klasifikasi juga memiliki waktu perhitungan yang relatif cepat, yaitu 1,90 detik.
Kata kunci: Penyakit Daun Kubis, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix, Hue Saturation Value, Support Vector Machine, Kernel RBF

Dismenore  merupakan salah satu keluhan yang umum dialami oleh remaja putri saat menstruasi dan seringkali mengganggu aktivitas harian. Salah satu pendekatan nonfarmakologis yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi nyeri dismenore  adalah Abdominal Stretching Exercise (ASE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ASE terhadap penurunan skala nyeri dismenore  pada siswi SMPN 1 Wado. Penelitian menggunakan desain pra-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest. Sampel terdiri dari 35 siswi kelas VII yang mengalami dismenore  dan dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Intervensi ASE dilakukan sebanyak dua kali per minggu selama empat minggu. Tingkat nyeri diukur menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Paired Sample T-Test. Rata-rata skala nyeri sebelum intervensi adalah 4,08 (kategori nyeri sedang), sedangkan setelah intervensi menurun menjadi 2,05 (kategori nyeri ringan). Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan nilai  p value=0,001 (p0,05) yang menandakan adanya perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. ASE efektif dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri dismenore  pada remaja putri. Latihan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif penanganan nonfarmakologis yang mudah diterapkan di lingkungan sekolah. 

To meet the development requirements for the complex algorithms with a gradually clear mathematical model and technical routes, frequent modifications and updates for the workflows, and long exploratory cycles, this article conducted preliminary research on a new programming idea based on a visual logic structure - PING programming language. At this time, PING language is a proof-of-concept and is compatible with the C/C++ language. PING language took function modules as the basic programming units. It utilized various explicit execution orders and invoked relationships between function modules to construct the static software logic structure network, implemented a visual scheduling and execution mechanism for function modules, and employed variable symbol table technology to achieve shared variable value transfer. The PING programming language could explicitly represent the overall static logic structure of software during the software programming stage. During the software running stage, the function pointer was used to centrally invoke the function modules, which facilitated the dynamic tracking of the function modules' execution workflows and automatically detected redundant logic branches and untested paths within the software. It had great significance in improving the development, debugging, testing, and maintenance efficiency of interpretable intelligent software, and even in developing machine autonomous programming systems.

Promoter methylation of the hTERT gene in blood DNA has been proposed to be an epigenetic molecular clock because it is negatively correlated with ageing. Saliva is an alternative source of DNA because it contains buccal cells. Currently, the correlation of hTERT promoter methylation and ageing using saliva is not known. This study aimed to determine: first, the correlation between hTERT promoter methylation and ageing in saliva, as a source of non-invasive DNA sampling, instead of blood was determined. Second, the influence of sex on the methylation of the hTERT promoter in ageing was evaluated. A cross-sectional study design was used, and 119 subjects were recruited, consisting of 25 children (1-5 y.o), 42 teens (17-19 y.o), 16 adults (20-50 y.o), and 36 elderly (60 to 84 y.o). Promoter methylation of the hTERT of extracted DNA was determined using the MSRE (methyl-specific restriction enzyme) method. The relationship between age and the percentage of hTERT methylation was assessed using the Pearson test. The percentage of hTERT methylation in saliva DNA was negatively correlated with age r= -0.4305 (p-value <0.05). Negative correlation was also found in men (r= -0.376) and women (r=-0.43). Negative correlation between hTERT and ageing has been confirmed in saliva as a noninvasive sampling method. The benefit of this research in ethical and social considerations may encourage a greater participation in ageing research, particularly in underprivileged communities, thus democratising access to scientific advancements in longevity studies.

Coral reefs are vital habitats for numerous fish species, providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds. In Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, these ecosystems are threatened by human activities and natural disturbances. This study aimed to assess the biodiversity of reef fish in relation to coral health degradation. Researchers used the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods to evaluate fish abundance and coral coverage across three locations with six sampling stations. 936 reef fish individuals, representing 35 species and 14 families, were recorded, with the Pomacentridae family being the most prevalent. The highest coral coverage, categorized as fair, was found at Location II (Blebak Beach) at Stations 3 and 4, with coverage of 27.93% and 25.61%, respectively. This coral coverage was positively correlated with reef fish abundance, with counts of 238 and 246 individuals (average ± SD: 242 ± 5.65). The biodiversity index indicated a dominance index (D) ranging from 0.05 to 0.14 (in the fair category), a high evenness index (E) between 0.75 and 1, and a low dominance index (D) between 0.05 and 0.14. A significant correlation was found between coral coverage and reef fish numbers (P < 0.05, R² = 0.8702), with a linear regression equation of y=6.26+67.71. The findings suggest that the health of coral reef ecosystems significantly affects reef fish populations. Hereafter, the healthiness of this ecosystem will support the scientific core development of Marine Sciences as well as fulfill society's need (economically).

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculants and nutrient levels on the agronomic performance of dry direct-seeded NSIC Rc192 rice under aerobic conditions. Six biofertilizer treatments (control, Bio-N, BioGroe, Mykovam, MykoPlus, and Avatar) were combined with four nutrient levels (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % NP + full K). The study aimed to assess the impact of these treatments on root colonization, tiller production, and overall plant growth. Root and soil colonization at 60 days after sowing (DAS) revealed that MykoPlus facilitated more effective root colonization than other inoculants. However, unfavorable environmental conditions, including high temperatures and moisture deficits, negatively impacted tiller production and grain yield. Despite these challenges, BioGroe showed the most promise, significantly enhancing root development and tiller count, particularly when combined with 50 % NP + full K. The study concluded that microbial inoculants, especially BioGroe, can improve rice growth under aerobic conditions, but environmental factors are crucial in determining their effectiveness. Further research is needed to optimize these inoculants for varying environmental conditions to maximize their benefits in rice cultivation.

The use of synthetic feed additives in Peking ducks has adverse effects on their growth and productivity. Spirulina sp., a blue-green algae, has the potential to be used as a safe feed additive that can enhance the growth and productivity of ducks. This study aims to analyze the effects of Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powder as a feed additive on the histomorphometry of the duodenum in Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), focusing on the duodenal lumen diameter, villus height, villus width, mucosal tunic thickness, submucosal tunic thickness, and muscular tunic thickness. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 35 ducks divided into 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments included a control group and the addition of spirulina powder in feed at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of 5%, followed by Duncan's test. The results of data analysis showed that spirulina powder had a significant effect (P<0.05) on villus height and duodenal mucosa tunica thickness. The conclusion of this study is that spirulina powder has the potential to be used as a feed additive to improve digestive performance in male Peking ducks, as evidenced by the increase in villus height and thick tunica mucosa in the small intestine. The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of spirulina powder as a feed additive to increase the size of the duodenal tissue structure in Peking ducks. The results of this study are expected to be a new reference on the potential of spirulina as a feed additive to improve poultry feed quality and digestive performance, especially in peking ducks.

Indonesia, a leading palm oil producer, generates 1,250 tons of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) waste daily, typically disposed of through polluting combustion. This study explores repurposing OPEFB as a substrate for erythritol production, a popular sweetener with minimal impact on blood sugar. The research utilized Moniliella pollinis mutant SP5, a yeast capable of producing erythritol from various substrates. The process involved acid hydrolysis of OPEFB followed by fermentation. When fortified with 15% v/v molasses, OPEFB successfully served as an optimal carbon source for erythritol production, achieving a mass yield of 0.2878 g/g. Further improvement came through the use of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, with the best mutant (mutant 7) reaching a yield mass of 0.3298 g/g and volumetric productivity of 0.0534 g/L/h. This research aims to advance Indonesia's self-sufficiency in erythritol production while providing a sustainable solution for OPEFB waste reduction, simultaneously addressing economic and environmental concerns.

The presence of natural antioxidants in medicinal plants plays a crucial role in inhibiting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this research is to explore more deeply all parts of A. esculenta L from flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, and stems for the levels of compounds and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor activities. The flowers demonstrated the highest TPC with 173.15942 ± 6.5083 mg GAE/g. The stems exhibited the lowest TPC value at 69.1967 ± 2.8408 mg GAE/g. The flowers also showed TFC value of 83.157 ± 2.021 mg QE/g while the stems displayed the lowest with 36.7240 ± 1.337 mg QE/g. IC50 value that the flowers possessed the highest antioxidant activity with 22.6539 ± 1.6452 mg/mL, whereas the stems displayed a slightly lower. In terms of the inhibitor of a-amylase activity, the flowers had an IC50 value of 102.4885 ± 11.4370 mg/mL whereas the stems had a lower. The highest IC50 value of the a-glucosidase inhibitor was 76.95 ± 12.0888 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. The highest IC50 of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was 109.5943 ± 9.7391 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. This study show that there is a relationship between the high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids on antioxidants, antidiabetic and antilipase activities.