The effectiveness of hypertension treatment is closely linked to blood pressure control. Ineffective treatment can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure, increasing the risk of serious complications, such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. The rationality of treatment is an important factor that influences the effectiveness of therapy. Rational treatment, which is tailored to the patient's condition, can help achieve optimal blood pressure control and reduce the risk of complications. This review article aims to summarize and review the evaluation results of antihypertensive drug use in hypertension patients treated at healthcare facilities. The review process involved searching for relevant articles on Google Scholar using keywords such as evaluation, rationality, and hypertension treatment, published over the past 10 years. The review results showed that the evaluation of hypertension treatment should be assessed from four main aspects: right patient, right indication, right drug, and right dose. Hypertension treatment, whether with comorbidities or without, may involve single therapy or a combination of three drugs. Based on the data obtained, the majority of the treatments were rational in terms of right patient and right indication. However, there were still instances of inaccuracy, particularly in selecting the right drug and appropriate dosage. Inaccurate drug selection and dosing can reduce the effectiveness of treatment and increase the likelihood of adverse side effects. It is crucial to ensure that the therapy provided is suitable for the patient’s medical condition, with appropriate drug selection and dosage. Education on treatment rationality for healthcare professionals and patients is essential to optimize hypertension treatment outcomes. This approach will help improve hypertension management in the community and reduce the burden of complications caused by uncontrolled hypertension.

Maintaining stable cage temperature is a crucial factor in the success of broiler chicken farming, especially in close house systems that rely on optimal microclimate control. Temperature instability can lead to thermal stress, reduced growth rates, and increased mortality in broilers, particularly during the early stages of life (0 to 30 days old). This study aims to design and implement an automatic temperature control system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor in the broiler chicken cages of PT. Barokah Restu Utama. The system is designed to read temperature and humidity in real-time and automatically activate or deactivate cooling devices such as fans or heating devices like incandescent lamps, depending on the temperature range required for each growth phase. The ideal temperature range used as a reference in this system includes 30–32°C for chickens aged 0–7 days, 29°C for ages 8–14 days, 28°C for ages 15–21 days, and 26–27°C for chickens aged 22–30 days. Testing results show that the system is capable of maintaining stable temperatures according to the specified standards for each growth phase. With this automatic control system in place, broiler chicken maintenance becomes more efficient and effective. The risk of mortality due to heat stress is significantly reduced, and chicken growth becomes more optimal. This technology offers a practical and economical solution, especially for small- to medium-scale broiler chicken farmers who use close house systems. The system is easy to operate and relatively affordable to install, making it an accessible innovation that supports better livestock management through automation and smart farming practices.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute febrile illness found in tropical regions and caused by four serotypes of viruses from the Flavivirus genus, family Flaviviridae, also known as breakbone fever. DHF has now become an epidemic in more than 100 countries. This disease can be effectively managed through prevention efforts that focus on changing community behavior, including knowledge, attitudes, and actions in responding to the disease. This study aims to describe community behavior regarding the Dengue Fever Eradication Program (PSN) in Toba Regency. The method used in this study was descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used in this study was 100 randomly selected respondents. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed to explore community knowledge, attitudes, and actions towards the dengue eradication program. Data were then presented in tabular form and analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that community knowledge of the National Dengue Fever Prevention and Eradication Program (PSN) was quite good, with a score of 90.14%. However, knowledge about dengue fever itself varies, with nearly half of respondents reporting poor knowledge. Public attitudes toward dengue fever eradication efforts were very positive, with 100% of respondents expressing support for dengue eradication efforts. Public support for dengue fever eradication efforts was also generally positive, with a score of 87.25%. The study concluded that public attitudes toward dengue fever eradication efforts in Toba Regency were generally positive. However, there are still gaps in public knowledge about dengue fever that need to be addressed through further education. This study provides important insights for the government and relevant parties to improve the effectiveness of dengue eradication programs in the region.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the e-commerce industry, including the improvement of data-driven services such as product recommendation systems. Marketplace Buket, which provides various types of bouquets online, faces the challenge of understanding consumer preferences to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. To address this challenge, this study implements the Collaborative Filtering (CF) method as an approach in building a recommendation system capable of analyzing user behavior patterns based on consumer rating data for products. The CF method allows the system to identify user preferences by comparing similarities between consumer behaviors. By utilizing rating data, the system can recommend products that are relevant and in line with the user's interests, even if the user has never viewed or purchased the product before. This study tests the effectiveness of the recommendation system using real-world data and observing the results of recommendations given to specific users. The results show that the system can provide product recommendations with a high level of relevance, such as products I24 and I26 which are at the top of the recommendation list. In addition to providing relevant results, the system is designed with a simple interface for easy use by general users. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of CF not only improves the quality of the user experience but also contributes to service efficiency and potential sales increases, including in intercity areas. Overall, this research provides an important contribution to the development of data-driven marketing strategies and lays the foundation for the future development of more complex recommendation systems.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Word of Mouth, price, and product quality on consumer purchasing decisions at Kopi Studio 24 in Malang City, both simultaneously and partially, and to identify the most dominant variables. The approach used in this study is quantitative with the explanatory research method. The population in this study were all customers of Kopi Studio 24, with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. The number of respondents in this study was 100 people. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to customers who had made purchases at Kopi Studio 24. The questionnaire instrument was compiled based on the indicators of each research variable and tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software version 25. The results of the study showed that the variables Word of Mouth, price, and product quality simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Partially, the three variables also had a positive and significant effect. Among the three, Word of Mouth was the variable that had the most dominant influence on consumer purchasing decisions. This shows that word of mouth, whether through personal experience, friend recommendations, or reviews on social media, plays an important role in encouraging consumers to purchase products at Kopi Studio 24. This finding implies that Kopi Studio 24 managers need to strengthen their Word of Mouth-based marketing strategy and maintain product quality and set competitive prices to increase consumer purchasing decisions.
 

This study aims to descriptively explore the role of facility and infrastructure management in enhancing learning effectiveness at the elementary school level, viewed from the perspective of School-Based Management (SBM). SBM is an educational management approach that emphasizes school autonomy in planning, implementing, and evaluating all learning activities as well as managing available resources, including educational facilities and infrastructure.This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document analysis. The subjects of this study include the principal, teachers, and administrative staff responsible for managing school facilities and infrastructure at a selected public elementary school. The main focus is to examine how management processes are carried out and how these contribute to the continuity and quality of the learning process.The findings indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure is conducted systematically through four main stages: needs planning based on situational analysis, procurement through collaboration with school committees or third parties, optimal utilization of facilities to support learning activities, and regular maintenance to ensure continued functionality. This process involves active participation from various stakeholders, both internal and external to the school, and is guided by the principles of transparency, accountability, and efficiency .Adequate availability of facilities and effective management were shown to create a conducive learning environment, increase student motivation, and support teachers in delivering lessons effectively. Furthermore, well-maintained facilities contribute to fostering a culture of discipline and a sense of responsibility among students. This study recommends enhancing the managerial capacity of principals and staff in facility management and strengthening cooperation between the school, the school committee, and the wider community to support the delivery of quality and sustainable education

The Mesak SME is a micro-enterprise in the food sector that still relies on conventional marketing strategies. This reliance on traditional promotional methods has prevented it from optimally reaching the digital market. However, utilizing digital technology is currently a crucial aspect of business development, particularly for increasing competitiveness and expanding market reach. Therefore, this community service activity was carried out with the primary goal of improving the Mesak SME's capacity to adopt digital marketing strategies. The community service program was designed in a structured and sustainable manner through several stages: an initial survey to determine the SME's existing condition, observation of existing marketing activities, and socialization of the benefits of digital technology in business development. Next, intensive training was conducted, covering the use of social media as a promotional tool, creating engaging digital content that aligns with the product's characteristics, and introducing e-commerce platforms to expand market access. The training focused on a practical approach that is easy for SMEs to understand. Furthermore, mentoring and evaluation were provided to ensure the sustainability of the digital strategy implementation after the program was completed. Through this series of activities, it is hoped that the Mesak SME will be able to actively utilize social media, produce engaging content, and market its products through various digital channels. The results of this activity are not only aimed at increasing sales volume but also at building a more professional and competitive business image, both in local and digital markets. With improved digital marketing capabilities, Mesak SMEs are expected to develop independently and sustainably in the era of digital transformation.

The phenomenon of bullying that occurs in the pesantren environment is not only a social problem, but also reflects a crisis in the internalization of Islamic educational values. This study aims to examine the dynamics of bullying in Islamic boarding schools from a psychosocial perspective and Islamic educational values. With a literature study approach and qualitative content analysis, this study explores various theories, empirical findings, and expert views obtained from relevant journals, books, and scientific works. The results of the study show that the practice of bullying in pesantren often stems from power relations that are institutionalized through the hierarchy structure of seniority, as well as weak supervision of the process of internalizing Islamic values among students. The values of Islamic ukhuwah, justice, and compassion that should be the spirit of Islamic education are often eroded by a culture of silence, neglect, or even the wrong perception that bullying is part of discipline. In fact, the concept of Islamic education not only emphasizes the mastery of the knowledge of tools (tsaqafah), but also the formation of intellect ('aqliyah), soul (nafsiyah), and Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyah) based on a strong aqidah. Bullying prevention requires deeper Islamic character education, strengthening social control, and psychosocial approaches to maintain mental and spiritual balance of students. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a holistic and civilized pesantren management strategy, by fostering an anti-bullying culture, creating a safe, harmonious, and harmonious learning environment that is in line with the main goals of Islamic education. Thus, pesantren are expected to be able to form students who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also have noble morals, high social spirit, empathy, and have a strong Islamic personality and full of integrity.

This study explores the influence of information system quality, information technology sophistication, and personal technical capability on the effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) in Jembrana Regency. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a survey method. Questionnaires were distributed to 63 employees from 21 LPDs that have already implemented computerized AIS. The study focuses on assessing how these three independent variables contribute to the effectiveness of AIS in the LPDs. Multiple linear regression was employed for data analysis, allowing the researcher to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the effectiveness of AIS. The respondents were selected from LPDs that had successfully integrated technology into their accounting systems. The primary objective was to understand whether system quality, IT sophistication, and personal technical capability played a significant role in improving AIS performance in these institutions. The findings of the study indicate that all three independent variables—system quality, IT sophistication, and personal technical capability—positively influence the effectiveness of AIS. Specifically, high-quality systems, advanced IT infrastructure, and employees with strong technical skills were found to enhance the operational effectiveness of AIS. This underscores the importance of these factors in ensuring the smooth functioning of AIS in LPDs. As such, LPDs are encouraged to invest in improving system quality, upgrading IT systems, and enhancing the technical skills of their staff to optimize AIS performance. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of how technological factors can be leveraged to improve accounting processes in financial institutions, particularly in rural settings like LPDs in Jembrana Regency.

The scientific journal writing training held at the Imam Syafi'i Islamic Boarding School in Brebes is part of a strategic effort to improve academic literacy and scientific writing skills among students and teaching staff. The background to this activity is the low ability and confidence in scientific writing, which has resulted in minimal involvement of students in academic publications, both at the local and national levels. This training activity involved 30 participants, consisting of final-year students and teachers, using an approach that integrates theory and practice in a balanced manner. The material presented included understanding the structure of scientific journal writing, citation techniques using reference applications, publication ethics, and direct practice in drafting scientific articles. The training was conducted in several intensive sessions, followed by evaluations through pre- and post-tests. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' understanding, where the average score increased from 55 to 80. Not only from a cognitive perspective, participants also showed increased confidence in expressing ideas and systematically compiling scientific writing. Some participants were even able to produce article manuscripts worthy of submission to scientific journals. Although this activity faced several challenges, such as limited training time and access to the latest scientific literature, overall, the training was deemed successful in fostering a stronger academic culture within the Islamic boarding school environment. It is hoped that this training program can be continued and developed sustainably as part of a strategy to strengthen academic capacity and scientific literacy within Islamic boarding schools.